Neue Hexen auf altem Besen? Antikerezeption im Wicca-Kult
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34679/thersites.vol1.12Keywords:
Classical Reception Studies, Religious Studies, Subcultures, Neopaganism, Wicca, Gerald Gardner, Zsuszanna Budapest, Diana, Julius Caesar, Pliny the Elder, ApuleiusAbstract
German
Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der vielschichtigen Antikerezeption in der neopaganen, hoch synkretistischen Strömung des Wicca, dessen Anhängerinnen und Anhänger sich als ‚(neue) Hexen‘ (witches) verstehen. Es soll gezeigt werden, auf welche Weise (vor allem) textliche Zeugnisse zu den Lebens- und Glaubenswelten des Altertums dazu beitragen, die religiösen bzw. spirituellen sowie weltanschaulichen Überzeugungen und Identitäten dieser ‚Kongruenzreligion‘ zu bilden und zu festigen. Dabei weise ich anhand einiger exemplarischer Beobachtungen insbesondere auf zwei, allerdings ineinander verwobene Aspekte hin: Zum einen werden antike sowie nachantike, in deren Rezeptionswirkung stehende Zeugnisse argumentativ eingesetzt, um das postulierte hohe Alter der Hexenreligion und die ungebrochene Tradition bestimmter Glaubensvorstellungen des Wiccatums von archaischer bis in die heutige Zeit zu plausibilisieren; zum anderen dienen inbesondere lateinische Schriften des Altertums (u.a. Caesar, Plinius d.Ä.) als Basis für (Re-)Konstruktionen paganer modi vivendi, die als positiv konnotierte Gegenentwürfe einer kritisch betrachteten ‚Mainstream-Gegenwart‘ entgegengesetzt werden.
English
This paper focuses on the manifold phenomena of reception of antiquity within the neo-pagan, highly syncretistic religion known as ‘Wicca’, whose (male as well as female) adherents regard themselves as ‘witches’. I will attempt to show the means and ways by which, mainly on a textual basis, ancient culture and belief systems help to form and to maintain religious and ideological persuasions of Wicca. Grounded on some exemplary observations, I point out especially two, however entangled aspects of this post-modern activation of antiquity: first, the way in which ancient texts, or rather, their interpretation make a case to confirm the allegedly age-old tradition of ‘witchcraft’ and certain aspects within the Wiccan belief system; secondly, the usage of ancient reports on ‘pagan’ societies (inter alia by Caesar and Pliny the Elder) as a precept for (re-)constructing pagan modi vivendi which are affirmatively brought into opposition to modern lifestyles that are regarded as decadent and mainstream.
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