Between Time and Culture: Anthropology and Historicity in the Study of Ancient Literature
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34679/thersites.vol2.17Keywords:
Anthropology of the Ancient World, Historicity, Classicism, History of Classical Scholarship, Humanism, Idealism, Cultural StudiesAbstract
ENGLISH
Since several decades the use of an ethno-anthropological approach has met with considerable success among classical scholars. The comparative analysis of ancient and ‘primitive’ cultures and the application of anthropological models to the interpretation of classical texts have stood out as a powerful alternative to traditional philology. This paper reassesses the complex relationship between cultural anthropology and classical studies, highlighting the relevance of historicity and diachronic factors as basic dimensions of both fields. Indeed, classicists referring to ethno-anthropology and its methods have sometimes inclined to see Graeco-Roman antiquity as a stereotypically homogeneous and isochronic world. They have created the illusory and uniform image of an ancient culture ranging from Homer and Cicero to Boethius and Nonnus of Panopolis – an image which ultimately confirmed the clichés of the nineteenth century Altertumswissenschaft. After pointing out the origins and enduring influence of traditional classicistic approaches (from Renaissance Humanism to Positivist idealism), the present paper recalls some of the most significant steps in the history of the dialogue between classics and anthropology. It argues that the intellectually stimulating contribution of social sciences to the renewal of classical scholarship should always be supported by the use of a comprehensive historical perspective, including a self-critical consideration of one’s own situated standpoint and aims.
ITALIAN
Da diversi decenni a questa parte, l’uso di un approccio improntato all’orizzonte disciplinare dell’etno-antropologia riscuote notevole successo fra gli studiosi di antichità classica. L’analisi comparativa di culture antiche e ‘primitive’, e l’applicazione di modelli antropologici all’interpretazione dei testi antichi, hanno finito per configurarsi come una potente alter nativa alla filologia tradizionale. Questo articolo intende riprendere in esame il complesso rapporto fra studi classici e antropologia culturale con l’obiettivo di mettere in luce la rilevanza della dimensione storica e dei fattori diacronici nella prospettiva di entrambi gli ambiti disciplinari. In alcuni casi, infatti, gli antichisti più vicini ai metodi dell’etno-antropologia hanno teso a proiettare un’immagine stereotipicamente omogenea ed isocronica del mondo grecoromano. E’ stata fornita la rappresentazione illusoria e uniforme di una cultura antica in grado di abbracciare tanto Omero e Cicerone quanto Boezio e Nonno di Panopoli – una rappresentazione, questa, che ha in definitiva corroborato i clichés dell’Altertumswissenschaft ottocentesca. Dopo aver evidenziato le origini e la perdurante influenza degli approcci classicistici tradizionali (dall’umanesimo rinascimentale all’idealismo positivista), il presente contributo riporta l’attenzione su alcuni dei passaggi più significativi del dialogo fra studi classici ed antropologia. Si sostiene così l’idea che il contributo intellettualmente stimolante delle scienze sociali al rinnovamento dell'antichistica debba essere costantemente supportato da una coscienza storica ad ampio spettro, tale da includere anche una considerazione critica del proprio punto di vista e dei propri obiettivi d’indagine.
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Copyright (c) 2015 Fabio Tutrone
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